Qu'est-ce que le sophiste? Σοφιστής τί ἐστιν; Was ist ein Sophist? What is a Sophist? Sophistes nedir?...

What the Sophist knows (epistasthai) according to Platon is "producing opinions" (doksa). But he nonetheless claims to know everything in order to be able to dispute (elenkhos) about anything.

He is an anti-logikos, i.e. he brings about doksas against other peoples doksas. He knows how to make doksas about those things he has no knowledge (episteme) of. This is his art (tekhne).  "The genos of Sophistes is thaumatopoios (θαυματοποιός = wonder-working)." 

(Platon, Sophistes 235 b-c)

At a first glance a Sophist might seem similar to a Philosopher, but so does a wolf to a dog. Similarities are dangerous and "slippery". Let us quote not the original but the translation of what Platon has to say:

But the cautious man must be especially on his guard in the matter of resemblances (peri tas homoiotetas), for they are very slippery things. (Platon, Sophistes 231 a-b)

Aristoteles, Metaphysik, 1028 a 32 "πολλαχῶς μὲν οὖν λέγεται τὸ πρῶτον"

πολλαχῶς μὲν οὖν λέγεται τὸ πρῶτον: ὅμως δὲ πάντως ἡ οὐσία πρῶτον, καὶ λόγῳ καὶ γνώσει καὶ χρόνῳ. (Aristoteles, Metaphysik, 1028 a 32)

"πρῶτον" çok anlamda kullanılır: gene de "οὐσία" her durumda "πρῶτον"dur:

- hem akıl yürütme bakımından (λόγῳ)

- hem 'bilme' bakımından (γνώσει)

- hem zaman bakımından (χρόνῳ)

ὃ μὲν ἂν μετὰ δικαιοσύνης γίγνηται, ἀρετὴ ἔσται

Adaletle yapılan şey, "erdem" olur. (Platon, Menon, 78e)

Sind wir?

Wer sind wir?

Wo sind wir?

In welchem Augenblick sind wir?

Wer sind wir?

Ein Gefüge der Fragen, in dem eine Frage -nie nach >>uns<<, sondern nach dem Seyn.

Dieses die Er-eignung in der Befremdung.

Aber nie >>dialektisch<<, nie als Gegenspiel -ganz als Er-eignis, Einziges.

M. Heidegger, Gesamtausgabe, III Abteilung: Unveröffentliche Abhandlungen Vorträge -Gedachtes, Band 69, Die Geschichte des Seyns, S.8, 1938/40.

Wirklichkeit; sie ist das Unumgängiche [des Wesens] im ersten Anbruch. [H.]

"Das Seiende, was ist es, was eignet ihm und nur ihm? Antwort: das Sein. Das Seiende ist hier gemeint im Sinne von: das Seiende als ein solches." [M. Heidegger]

Nasıl bir "pollakhos" ?

"To\ o)/n le/getai pollaxw=j demek to\ ei)=nai (tou= o)/ntoj) le/getai pollaxw=j demektir."[Martin Heidegger, Aristoteles, Metaphysik q 1-3, Von Wesen und Wirklichkeit der Kraft, S.15]

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To\ o)/n le/getai pollaxw=j evet ama nasıl?

Önce dixw=j

herhangi bir Varolan (o)\n) | To\ o)/n'un kendisi (o)\n v(= o)\n)

(to\ a(plw=j prw/twj lego/menon)

Sonra tekrar pollaxw=j:

to\ de ti

kata\ sumbebhko/j

w(j a)lhqe\j h)\ yeu=doj

kata\ du/namin h(\ e)ne/rgeian

kata\ ta\ sxh/mata th=j kathgoriaj (kendi içinde yine pollaxw=j)))

Ingeborg Bachmann

Ingeborg Bachmann is an Austrian poet and writer who studied philosophy, psychology, german philology and law at the universities of Innsbruck, Graz and Vienna. The title of her PhD thesis was The Critical Reception of the Existential Philosophy of Martin Heidegger. So you might find -only if you look too closely- a few things common between you and her.
She died in Rome in 1973 in a hospital room, highly injured following a fire (so that is not exactly the common element I hope to find) that broke out in her house, leaving the hands of Der gute Gott von Manhattan tied and leaving him full of envy.